brief summary
Roads leading to the Oasis of Algeria and towns in the highlands are full of culture and color. Each spear its own smell of spices and incense in this network of trade routes covering more than two thousand kilometers and to facilitate transport them from Bou-Saada up Ghardaia, in the desert hamadas, up 'return to the Mediterranean.
The four major cities of this long hike mainly Biskra capital of the famous date "Daglette Nour".
El Oued city of a thousand domes surrounded by a sea of sand.
The enchanting Ghardaia, the capital of Zab.
And of course, the city South Gate. Bou Saada in the highlands and the intersection between the average Sahara and northern Algeria.
Each one associated with the culture or colonialism fortresses. Agricultural landscapes that connect these cities to the Mediterranean, are located on a portion of this road between the Oriental and the deserts of the Zab ... Hamada, Entre el Oued and Ghardaia, south, deserts are spread over thousands of miles of sand. Still from south of Biskra, east and up in the northwest of Bou-Saada, the bottom of M'Sila.
Together, the Oasis reflect an extremely lucrative business with the date, spices used in most applications the Algerian kitchen and thrived south of Arabia to the Mediterranean from the seventh century. BC to AD. Thanks to the way the harsh desert was settled by agriculture and with systems of human settlement and irrigation extremely sophisticated, especially in the deserts of Zab Oasis are the most beautiful sites of the Algeria tourist.
Many of these sites in the (four cities: Bou-Saada El Oued Biskra and Ghardaia, with each one of these cultural wealth and succession Zaouia El Balcon du Hamel Rouffi The market and domes of blow and finally... mysterious city of Beni Ysguen and its irrigation system distributed near or along the main road built around the Oasis, to the ports of the Mediterranean. they are crossed by a northern route parallel to the highway. roads and desert Cities that line the circuit Oasis testify to the prosperity of trade and its ancient culture. residents of this wonderful tower built in 8-day tour make this round of dazzling discoveries every step.
These cities are also served by irrigation systems set up by the government or by the people who inhabit them. The water supply allows large-scale agriculture. It consists of dams, pipes, tanks and reservoirs especially important compounds tablecloths and real underground lakes, was the example of one of the Oued El-Abiode giving to the city of Biskra new life. There are also many remains. Such as those that exist around Bou-Saada and Biskra old Vessera ...... .all these elements around the circuit of Oasis, and many remains of ancient historical systems are spread out along the way and often even the hillsides close to the main road.
These properties give a complete picture of the architectural and cultural circuit technology Oasis over eleven centuries of planning and construction. The combination of cities and landscapes, whether agricultural or pastoral associate a complete fossil cultural environment.
Existing remains and agricultural landscapes of northern Sahara are evidence of economic power behind a long road from the northern Mediterranean in the Hellenistic and Roman periods, which favored the development of these cities, forts and caravanserais to control and manage the road of Oasis. They also give a complete picture of the technology mastering irrigation thorough search of water and protection for over eleven centuries of planning and construction, as evidenced by these innovations work needed to create an agricultural system comprehensive and sustainable Currently extremely productive and flooding markets north of the country by various fruit and vegetable products, thanks to a work yet in harsh desert conditions, as evidenced particularly sophisticated works of water conservation.
The cities that make up the Oasis and their trade routes bear eloquent testimony to the economic, social and cultural importance of spices and incense from the Hellenistic and Roman world. The roads were also a means of passage not only for spices and fabrics and other goods but also for people and ideas come to live venues often hostile as in the Souf or the Zab valley. They never changed life in Oasis.
When the remains to them, almost fossilized cities, forts, caravanserai and sophisticated agricultural systems extend along Route Oasis in the desert of North El Golea north of Bou-Saada. They show the to a hostile desert environment that flourished for centuries remarkable answer ...
Cities and forts combined with this trade route and the agricultural hinterland, give a good a desert civilization which extends along the trade route overview. The remains of all elements of their institutions - cities, forts, caravanserais and agricultural landscapes - are within a well obvious. The development of the region has contributed greatly to protect sites and men in some development. None of the attributes are threatened. Except perhaps some let go a few repairs to the balcony of Rouffi remains in the region of Biskra tamalaht and Tamacine area Touggourt.
Essentially, the remains of towns, forts and caravanserais and landscapes, perfectly express the Outstanding Universal Value of a property being as evidence and illustration of prosperity Saharan trade.
It is recognized that the cities of El Oued and Ghardaia have been in the past, interventions that have jeopardized their authenticity. As part of the current management initiatives, the reconstructions as the capital of Zab as in that of the Suf is based more on a scenic intention that a scientific approach expressed after independence. But the consolidation of these sites were sufficient portion, and has been fully met since.
Needs protection and management:
All property was owned by the state. They summers protected by national legislation, but all the elements that made the same legislation summers have reviewed and delivered into the hands of the inhabitants of the regions concerned to finally find totally free.
The Directorate of the Ministry of Agriculture was responsible for the nature and land was land management in everyday life, while the Directorate of Culture and Antiquities, was caring for conservation activities and excavation structures classified.
All finances came from national budget from oil revenues, sales of fruit and especially the date or by a state grant. The four cities have their own budget. Years of low income, funds are devoted exclusively to the maintenance and protection, conservation is ensured only when external funds are available. We must put in place for the entire property, but also for each of the major cities, an archaeological strategy for archaeological research, nondestructive inventory and approaches to stabilization and repair.
A bit of history.
Berbers settled in the regions north of El Oued and Ghardaia in the sixth century, have become rich from the profits of the trade. The Romans tried several times to capture this trade but their hostility forced the indigenous to take other routes avoiding the Roman territories. Southward Ibadites aid by an army crossed Rostemides securing the desert as well as some of the most difficult areas of the Hamada. They built cities and surrounded by strong walls to defend the road caravanserai and welcome travelers by providing them support their populations and merchant caravans, they had to colonize the hardest desert to survive and support indigenous and Berber populations a nomadic period.
In the second century AD. BC, all cities in the highlands were annexed to the Roman province of Timgad, until the conquest of Vessera, current Biskra. The days of Berber control over trade routes were nearly coming to an end. For Roman control had not helped the prosperity of cities and Oasis for two centuries the Romans tried to incorporate people's defensive system of their own empire. Until the reign of Severus, when dawn came the decline of the trade routes of Oasis, the Romans finally diverting their trade of Roman Mauritania to the Middle East.
Most cities were finally taken during the Arab conquest of 636 AD by Sidi Ibn Nafaa Oka and remained fundamentally intact to this day. Trade started up again from Tolga to Sedrata south of Ouargla and goes to the South of the Atlas Mountains.
The very idea of "ownership" of urban space by residents of Oasis, based largely on the fact that the observation focused on migrant conventional, that is to say some communities of traders who, living in diaspora, create residential communities (such as Mozabites for example) which at the time managed to "occupy" public spaces, valleys and rivers active, taming places to build their business in what we commonly call the Souks. I would understand the word "migrant" is not only related to someone looking for a potential spot but saw his mobility as a "peripatetic" eg (nomadic service) as was the Sufis who were such , hawkers who oppose virtually their "location" and that urban activities are taking place only very limited in the organization of urban space. They were installed in an unlimited desert dunes and sand They arrived with their wives, and their children, but also members of various societies and marginalized groups they have taken with them while they crossed the Libyan desert. As Biskris for example. The existence of urban migrants and their potential to create "communities" (or "translocalités") was mysterious but exciting at the same time.
This type of city allows us to identify more accurately (Strangeness) as an element of urban relationships. Local people often distinguish several categories of "foreigners". It also shows that groups and interaction processes differ regarding the fundamentals and concepts of strangeness and its social significance. This is among other things whether these migrant groups have achieved the status of city. Surely, to see clarification and comparison of the various factors component layer citizens composing the current Algerian population. Morphological strangeness is also important in the context of comparative analysis of the general problem of the relationship between urbanity and population ... In Algeria we find several ethnic groups, each one as rich as the other.
Several thematic panels are expressed beings. The first relates to mobility, settlement or installation and spatial organization in urban areas: The objective was to conceptualize mobility, and analyze the evolution of local notions of mobility relative to economic opportunities, policies, new technologies. The second focused on the activities of urban migrants: their work, market activities and the various businesses they practice to date. A third thematic approach focused on the foreignness of different forms of identity marking related thereto; it was analyzed persistence, evolution or substitution of social relations and traditional expressions. (Berber-Kabyle. Arabic. For special accents, different from north to south, although with sounding ones.)
In this geographical era, we had a view of the space in the Sahara Oasis. The approach to the city is also very wide, western urban centers in the big cities, even in the refugee camps of the Western Sahara. From this point of view, the question is whether the people of the Sahara area, show specific forms of mobility because they have specific perceptions of the "city" or "city in the making" is .L'accent so put on conceptual notions history of the term "migration" in the context of the French migration policy towards the inhabitants of the former French colony. A typical case of this kind of event is the city of Tamanrasset or refutes a population base its future in the city. So that was our country and the perception that had different actors of migrants and migration such as the Sufis, Mozabites or Tidjanis and Aboriginal residents of the ones before? And thought that the immigrant Muslim community in Saudi in Algeria before the arrival of the French ...? We leave for later the complexity of human intermingling in Northern Algeria is ...
Anyway this shows how a circuit of Oasis is a delight and certainly one of the most fascinating of southern Algeria towers. Here, the myths and realities are often confused for the delight of the traveler. The glorious past of these places, is present at every step. Fortresses and citadels rise, countless on a desert floor but how colorful. Turbans for men, clothes for women, colorful and flamboyant perfumes, illuminate the landscape and give life. The population is largely rural but his kindness, hospitality give a special charm to the living room or the discovery in the days that can give this absolutely fabulous turn and to achieve.
Source : http://goo.gl/kdX9Y9
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